{"id":1079,"date":"2021-12-02T12:52:29","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T20:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/?page_id=1079"},"modified":"2023-08-30T12:36:16","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T19:36:16","slug":"unit-2-contact-to-the-20th-century","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/bc-first-nations-studies-12\/unit-2-contact-to-the-20th-century\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 2 &#8211; Contact to the 20th Century"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-kvsrenui-b14b1a8d1309cb34ed77f54b3001e83d main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-1079'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kvts73l9-5069c3f9577187b1bd412032baaef222 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" >\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-1079'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-10fws-54b4c7ae7c62872606a75579c7ae33e2\">\n#top .flex_column.av-10fws-54b4c7ae7c62872606a75579c7ae33e2{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-10fws-54b4c7ae7c62872606a75579c7ae33e2{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-10fws-54b4c7ae7c62872606a75579c7ae33e2{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-10fws-54b4c7ae7c62872606a75579c7ae33e2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  no-padding first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kvtr0g61-8d36aa40cfd7cac5e6d23b018591cfe3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1>Unit 2 &#8211; Contact to the 20th Century<\/h1>\n<hr \/>\n<p>As an introduction to this unit, check out the Wab Kinew video below \u2013 a highly condensed, funny, and informative overview.<\/p>\n<div class=\"jetpack-video-wrapper\">\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"8th Fire Wab Kinew 500 Years in 2 Minutes\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/L7LY-fXzhZI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Unit 2 of BCFNS 12 examines the history of First Nations peoples in BC from initial contact with European explorers in the 1770s and into the 20th century. Contact with Europeans happened later for First Nations people in BC compared to other Indigenous groups in North America; however, they were aware of the Europeans well before contact. First contact took place at sea, and a maritime (sea-based) fur trade was quickly established. During the maritime fur trade period, First Nations people integrated new materials and customs into their traditional social patterns. The land-based fur trade, however, began to change the balance of power.<\/p>\n<p>The fur trade era had a profound impact on First Nations peoples. The devastating effects of disease introduced during this period overwhelmed any positive effects, as in the most extreme cases close to 90 percent of\u00a0 the First Nations population died from smallpox and other diseases.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>ACTIVITY 1:<\/strong> We\u2019re going to start by trying to understand what first contact in BC looked like: what were the Indigenous and European leader\u2019s perceptions of each other? What were their hopes and fears? What were their first impressions? Compare <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/contact-two-perspectives.pdf\">the accounts of Maquinna, chief of the Nuu-chah-nulth peoples, and British explorer Captain Cook.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1086\" src=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/maquinna.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"451\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/maquinna.jpg 484w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/maquinna-226x300.jpg 226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1085\" src=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/cook.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"599\" \/><\/p>\n<p>After you\u2019ve read these accounts, read pages 64-65 in the textbook and take a look at this poem entitled <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/first-encounter.pdf\">First Encounter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>In one paragraph, consider the question: how would you describe the different perspectives of First Nations peoples and European explorers? In what ways were there interpretations different?\u00a0 Try to identify 3 differences.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1082 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/beaver.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"278\" height=\"278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/beaver.jpeg 278w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/beaver-80x80.jpeg 80w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/beaver-36x36.jpeg 36w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/beaver-180x180.jpeg 180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>During the late 1700s and early 1800s, trade with Europeans was mostly limited to the maritime fur trade. Europeans loved them some sea otters, whose pelts were quite lucrative in Europe. Europeans loved those pelts so much that the sea otter was nearly extinct by 1900. That was the European way.<\/p>\n<p>At about the same time as the maritime fur trade was increasing on the west coast, explorers and traders who had been trading with First Nations people in Eastern Canada were starting to venture on foot west over the Rocky Mountains in search of new trading opportunities. As with the marine fur-bearing animals, the pelts of land-based animals such as beaver, mink and martin were very valuable. Beavers!<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take a moment to consider how amazing beavers are. Did you know that they are the only animal \u2013 outside of humans \u2013 who actively and fundamentally alter the landscape?<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Talking Beaver on the Highway\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sekLEG8xsOs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><strong>ACTIVITY 2:<\/strong> Using pages 67-75 in the textbook, complete the following graph that compares the maritime and land-based fur trade. Also, complete the diagram concerning the role of women in the fur trade. You can access those hand-outs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/martime-and-land-based-trade.pdf\">here.<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1088\" src=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/population-of-bc-recrop-good.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1032\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/population-of-bc-recrop-good.jpg 1032w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/population-of-bc-recrop-good-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/population-of-bc-recrop-good-1030x531.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/population-of-bc-recrop-good-768x396.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/population-of-bc-recrop-good-705x363.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1032px) 100vw, 1032px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>ACTIVITY 3:<\/strong> As you can see above, the arrival of Europeans had an absolutely devastating impact on First Nations people in BC through disease alone. European contact had other profound impacts on the Indigenous peoples of the land. After reading pages 77-78 of the textbook, use this visual organizer to record the different ways in which contact and the early fur trade impacted First Nations groups: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/results-of-contact.pdf\">Results of Contact<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1090 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/gold-rush.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"486\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/gold-rush.jpg 486w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/gold-rush-300x238.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>ACTIVITY 4:<\/strong> The Gold Rush \/ Chilcotin \u201cWar\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cThe discovery of gold in BC, along with a decreased demand for furs in Europe, created a shift in the economy in the mid 1800\u2019s. While contact with Europeans and the fur trade had a devastating impact on First Nations people, it still allowed the basic family unit and traditional way of life to remain fairly intact (disease and colonial policies notwithstanding).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>However, the new wage economy (as opposed to a trade economy), based on gold, forestry, mining and fishing, created a very different type of labour demand, one based on the production of the individual. First Nations people were able to apply their traditional skills to these new types of jobs, but it changed both their relationship with the colonizers, from trading partner to worker, and the purpose of the work from the survival of the community to earning of wages to buy consumer goods.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>For an important First Nations perspective on the European presence in BC from the gold rush moving forward, read \u201cThe Laurier Memorial\u201d on page 82. Consider this passage as you complete this unit. Next, move onto pages 84-85. In one paragraph answer the question: \u201cWas the Chilcotin \u201cWar\u201d really a war? Here are the guidelines for the assignment: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/chilcotin-war-assignment.pdf\">Chilcotin War assignment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nationalpost.com\/news\/canada\/what-really-happened-in-the-chilcotin-war-the-1864-conflict-that-just-prompted-an-exoneration-from-trudeau\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cWhat Really Happened in the Chilcotin War?\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>ACTIVITY 5:<\/strong> Time for a short research project (and a breather from all this heavy reading). Spend a few minutes investigating this question: when and how did colonization begin in your territory? (You can choose your hometown if you\u2019d prefer). Why were Europeans attracted to that area, and what was the major industry once they moved into the area? See what information you can find and record it in point form.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1094 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/royal-pro.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"284\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/royal-pro.jpg 284w, https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/royal-pro-240x300.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>ACTIVITY 6:<\/strong> From the Royal Proclamation of 1763 to the Trutch Era<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s start with this PowerPoint: <a title=\"The Colonial Era\" href=\"https:\/\/nalaatsi.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/06\/the-colonial-era.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Colonial Era<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Quick, extremely oversimplified Canadian history refresher:<\/em> the French came first. They colonized parts of Eastern Canada. Then the British came. The French and British fought each other a bunch, both in North America and in Europe, including a series of battles known as the 7 Years War. The British won, and the Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III (Britain) to establish how Britain would rule over the North American territories formally ceded by France to Britain in the Treaty of Paris. It established the constitutional framework for the negotiation of treaties with the Indigenous peoples of large sections of Canada, and it is referenced in section 25 of the Constitution Act, 1982. It is VERY, VERY important. It has been called the \u201cIndian Magna Carta\u201d or \u201cIndian Bill of Rights\u201d and continues to inform debates today.<\/p>\n<p>Give the Royal Proclamation a read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/royal-proclamation.pdf\">Royal Proclamation<\/a><br \/>\nSo boring right?! But again, very important.<\/p>\n<p>Next, read the section \u201cColonial Policies\u201d (pgs 83, 86-89). This is a critical section in order to understand historical and contemporary land issues for First Nations in BC. In a 2 paragraph response, <em>compare the Royal Proclamation of 1763 to\u00a0 European settlement of BC (AKA WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED). What do you think this means for modern land claims?<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>ACTIVITY 7:<\/strong> The Indian Act &amp; Colonial Policies<\/p>\n<p>As we all know, Canada became a nation in 1867. Less than 10 years later, the single most important piece of legislation concerning Indigenous peoples in Canada was created: the Indian Act of 1876. Comic writer Darrell Dennis shares his (quick) take on the Indian Act here: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/Darrell-Dennis-On-the-Indian-Act.pdf\">Darrell Dennis \u2013 On the Indian Act<\/a>. Read pages 92-94 in your textbook for more background.<\/p>\n<p>Complete Unit 4 using your textbook. The worksheets can be accessed here: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/bcfns-12-unit-4.pdf\">BCFNS 12 &#8211; Unit 4<\/a> and you can access the online version of the textbook here: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2021\/12\/bc_first-nations-studies.pdf\">BCFNS 12 Textbook<\/a><\/p>\n<p>I apologize if this is a bit dry \u2013 it will be replaced by more varied activities in the future! When I have&#8230; time to do that?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":1054,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1079","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-23 09:02:32","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"post_tag","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1079"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1671,"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1079\/revisions\/1671"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.comoxvalleyschools.ca\/nalaatsi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}